Biology terms meaning and definition study guide

 

 

 

Biology terms meaning and definition study guide

 

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Biology terms meaning and definition study guide

1-1

  1. asexual reproduction: the production of offspring that does not involve the union of gametes (156)
  2. autotroph: an organism that uses energy to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic substances.
  3. biology: the science of life (5)
  4. differentiation: a process in which the cells of a multicellular individual become a specialized during development. (209)
  5. DNA: hereditary information in the form of a large molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid. (7)
  6. ecology: the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment. (359)
  7. ecosystem: all the biotic and abiotic components of an environment. (363)
  8. evolution: all the changes that have formed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today. (8)
  9. evolve: to change (8)
  10. gene: a segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein; a unit of hereditary information. (7)
  11. heterotroph: an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products. (10)
  12. homeostasis: the stable internal conditions of a living thing. (6)
  13. multicellular organism: a living thing that consists of more than one cell. (6)
  14. natural selection: the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without such variations.
  15. organism: living thing (5)
  16. photosynthesis: the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds. (10)
  17. reproduction: the production of new offspring. (7)
  18. sexual reproduction: the production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms (156)
  19. unicellular organism: a living thing composed of one cell. (6)

1-2

  1. cell division: the formation of two cells from an existing cell. (12)
  2. development: the process by which an organism grows. (12)
  3. metabolism: the sum of all chemical processes in living things. (12)

1-3

  1. control group: in an experiment, a group or individual that serves as a standard of comparison with another group or individual to which it is identical except for one factor. (17)
  2. controlled experiment: a test of variables using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group. (17)
  3. data: includes any and all information that scientists gather in trying to answer their questions.  (15)
  4. dependent variable: the responding variable in an experiment. (18)
  5. experiment: the process of testing a hypothesis or prediction by gathering data under controlled conditions. (17)
  6. experimental group: the group in the experiment that is compared to the control.(17)
  7. hypothesis: a statement that can be tested experimentally. (17)
  8. independent variable: an experimentally manipulated variable. (18)
  9. inference: a conclusion made on the basis of facts or premises rather than on direct observations.   (19)
  10. model: an explanation supported by data (18)
  11. observation: typically employs one or more of the five senses to perceive objects or events.  (15)
  12. prediction: a statement made in advance that states the results that will be obtained from testing  hypothesis, if the hypothesis is supported.  (17)
  13. sampling: the technique of using a small part to represent an entire population.  (16)
  14. theory: a broad and comprehensive statement of what is believed to be true, supported by considerable experimental evidence resulting from many tests of related hypotheses. (19)

1-4

  1. base unit: one of seven fundamental units of SI measurement that describe length, mass, time and other quantities. (23)
  2. compound light microscope: an instrument that magnifies small objects so they can be seen easily using two or more lenses. (21)
  3. derived unit: produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units or between two derived units. (24)
  4. electron microscope: an instrument that uses a beam of electrons rather than a beam of light to enlarge the image of an extremely small object so that it can be seen.  (22)
  5. magnification: the increase of an object’s apparent size (21)
  6. microscope: an instrument that produces an enlarged image of an object. (21)
  7. nosepiece: used to rotate the objective lenses into place  (22)
  8. objective lens: the lens that is positioned directly above the specimen. (21)
  9. ocular lens: in a microscope, the lens in the eyepiece (21)
  10. power of magnification: in a microscope, the factor of enlargement (22)
  11. resolution: the power of a microscope to show detail (21)
  12. scanning electron microscope (SEM): a microscope that produces an enlarged image of the surface of an object with a beam of electrons rather than light. (22)
  13. SI: International System of Measurements, the scientific standard of measurement which employs a set of units that describe length, mass, time and other attributes of matter. (23)
  14. transmission electron microscope: a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons rather than light through a thinly sliced specimen. (22)

 

2-1

  1. atom (32): the simplest part of an element that retains all the properties of that element.
  2. atomic number (32): the number of protons in an atom. In the periodic table of elements, the atomic number generally appears directly above the chemical symbol.
  3. bond (33): attachments  
  4. chemical reaction (33): the process of breaking chemical bonds, forming new bonds, or both.
  5. compound (33): a pure substance that is made up of atoms of two or more elements
  6. covalent bond (33): when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
  7. electron (32): negatively charged particles
  8. element (31): pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.
  9. energy level (32): the area that the electrons move around the nucleus at very high speeds.
  10. ion (34): An atom or molecule with an electrical charge
  11. ionic bond (34):  a bond formed by electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
  12. mass (31): a fundamental property of an object generally regarded as equivalent to the amount of matter in the object.
  13. matter (31): anything that occupies space and has mass.
  14. molecule (33): a chemical structure composed of one or more atoms.
  15. neutron (32): a subatomic particle with no electric charge.
  16. nucleus (32): in an atom, the core of protons and neutrons; in a eukaryotic cell the organelle that contains most of the DNA and directs most of the cell’s activities.
  17. proton (32): a subatomic particle with a positive charge.

2-2

  1. activation energy (36): amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to start and to continue on its own.
  2. catalyst (36):  a chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction but is not a reactant.
  3. endergonic reaction (36): reaction that involve a net absorption of free energy
  4. energy (35): the ability to do work or cause change
  5. enzme (37): a catalyst, usually a protein, in living systems
  6. exergonic reaction (37): a chemical reaction that involves a net release of free energy
  7. product (36): a compound formed by a chemical reaction
  8. reactant (36): a compound or atom involved in a chemical reaction
  9. redox reaction (37): a reduction-oxidation reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms.
  10. reduction reaction (37): a chemical reaction which a reactant gains one or more electrons, becoming more negative in charge
  11. state (35): The rate at which atoms or molecules move determine whether it is a solid, liquid, gas or plasma.

2-3

  1. acid (41): and substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions when added to a water solution.
  2. alkaline (42): refers to bases
  3. aqueous solution (40): a solution in which water is the solvent.
  4. base (42): any substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions when added to a water solution
  5. buffer (42): chemical that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to a solution
  6. concentration (40): a measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent
  7. dissociation (41): the separating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions
  8. hydronium ion (41):The H3O+ ion
  9. hydroxide ion (41): The OH- ion 
  10. pH scale (42): a numeric range that quantifies the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution
  11. saturated solution (40): a solution in which no more solution can dissolve
  12. solute (40): a substance dissolved in a solution
  13. solution (40): a mixture in which one or more substance are uniformly dissolved in another substance
  14. solvent (40): in a solution, the substance in which a solute is dissolved

 

Page 43
Section 1

  1. adhesion (p 51): the attractive force between unlike forces
  2. capillarity (p 51): the reaction of a liquid surface with a solid; capillarity allows water to creep up the interior of a narrow vessel.
  3. cohesion (p 51): the attraction of like molecules to each other.
  4. hydrogen bond (p 50): a weak chemical bond between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negatively-charged region of another molecule
  5. polar (p 50): an uneven pattern of charge

Section 2

  1. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (p 54): a substance involved in energy metabolism formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate
  2. alcohol (p 53): an organic compound with a hydroxyl group attached to one of its carbon atoms.
  3. condensation reaction (p. 53): a chemical reaction, also called dehydration synthesis, in which one molecule of water is produced
  4. functional group (53): a structural building block that determines the characteristics of a chemical compound
  5. hydrolysis (p 54): the splitting of a molecule through reaction with water
  6. macromolecule (p 53): a very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
  7. monomer (p 53): a repeated, single-molecule unit in a polymer
  8. organic compound (p 52): a compound that is derived from living things and contains carbon
  9. polymer (p. 53): a compound consisting of repeated linked monomers

Section 3

  1. amino acid (p 56): a carboxylic acid with an amino group; one of 20 monomers that form proteins
  2. carbohydrate (p 55): an organic compound present in the cells of all living things and a major organic nutrient for humans
  3. dipeptide (p 57): a formation from two amino acids bonded together by means of a condensation reaction
  4. discaccharide (p 56): a double sugar formed from two monosaccharides
  5. fatty acid (p 58): a monomer that is part of most lipids
  6. hydrophilic (p 58): referring to the molecular attraction to water
  7. hydrophobic (p 58): referring to the molecular repulsion of water
  8. isomer (p 55): one of two or more compounds
  9. lipid (p 58): a kind of organic compound that is insoluble in water, such as fats and steroids
  10. monosaccharide (p 55): a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose
  11. nucleic acid (p 59): an organic molecule, DNA or RNA, that stores and carries important information for cell function
  12. nucleotide (p 59): a monomer of DNA and RNA, consisting of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
  13. peptide bond (p 57): a covalent bond between two amino acids
  14. phospholipid (p 58): a complex lipid having two fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol
  15. polypeptide (p 57): a long chain of several amino acids
  16. polysaccharide (p 56): a complex carbohydrate composed of three or more monosaccharides
  17. protein (p 56): an organic compound composed of one or more chains of polypeptides, which in turn are formed from amino acids
  18. ribonucleic acid (RNA) (p 59): the type of RNA found in a ribosome
  19. steroid (p 59): a lipid in which the molecule is composed of four carbon rings
  20. substrate (p 59): a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another; the reactant in any enzyme-catalyzed reaction
  21. triglyceride (p 58): a lipid made of three fatty-acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
  22. wax (p 59): type of structural lipid

 

Chapter 4 Terms

  1. cell: (p. 11) a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life.
  2. cell membrane: (p. 59) the lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell.
  3. cell theory: (p. 69) the theory that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells.
  4. cell wall: (p. 82)  a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protests, and most bacteria.
  5. chloroplast: (p. 83) a plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis.
  6. chromosome: (p. 81)DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division.
  7. cilium: (p. 80) a short, hair-like organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion or in the movement of substances across the cell surface.
  8. cytoplasm: (p. 75) the region of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
  9. endoplasmic reticulum: (p. 77) a system of membranous tubules and sacs in eukaryotic cells that functions as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another.
  10. eukaryote: (p. 72) a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  11. flagellum: (p. 80) a hair-like structure made up of microtubules that function in locomotion.
  12. Golgi apparatus: (p. 78) a system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies proteins for export by the cell
  13. lysosome: (p. 79) an organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal cells.
  14. mitochondrion: (p. 76) the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells.
  15. nuclear envelope: (p. 80) a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
  16. nucleolus: (p. 81) the structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled; found in most nuclei
  17. nucleus: (p 32) in an atom; the core of protons and neutrons; in a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains most of the DNA and directs most of the cell’s activities.
  18. organelle: (p. 71) one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells.
  19. plastid: (p. 83) an organelle of plant cells that contains starch, fats, or pigments.
  20. prokaryote: (p. 72) a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
  21. ribosome: (p. 77) an organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins.
  22. selectively permeable membrane: (p. 73) membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through.
  23. spindle fibers: (p. 150) one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes.
  24. vacuole: a fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes or metabolic wastes in a plant cell.

 

Chapter 5 Terms

  1. contractile vacuole: (p. 97) an organelle in protests that expels water
  2. diffusion: (p. 95) the process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
  3. osmosis: (p. 96) the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  4. phagocytosis: (p. 103) a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells.
  5. pinocytosis: (p. 103) a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids.
  6. turgor pressure: (p 98) water pressure within a plant cell.

Chapter 6 Terms

  1. adenosine diphosphate (ADP): (p. 116) a substance involved in energy metabolism formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate.
  2. ATP synthase: (p. 116) an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
  3. carotenoid: (p. 113) a light-absorbing compound that functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis
  4. light reactions: (p. 112) the initial reactions in photosynthesis, including the absorption of light by photosystems I and II, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis.
  5. photosynthesis: (p. 111) the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds.
  6. pigment: (p. 112) in plants, a compound that absorbs light and imparts color.
  7. stoma: (p. 119) one of many small pores usually located on the underside of a leaf; aids in gas exchange.

Chapter 7

  1. alcoholic fermentation: (p. 129) the process by which pyruvic acid is converted to ethyl alcohol; the anaerobic action of yeast on sugars.
  2. anaerobic pathway: (p. 128) the fermentation pathways
  3. cellular respiration: (p. 127) the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.
  4. glycolysis: (p. 127) a pathway in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvic acid.
  5. lactic acid fermentation: (p. 129) the process by which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid.
  6. pyruvic acid: (p. 128) a three-carbon molecule that is the end product of glycolysis.
  7. aerobic respiration: (p. 133) the process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds, with oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
  8. Krebs cyle: (p. 133) a series of biochemical reactions that release carbon dioxide and results in the formation of ATP.

Chapter 8

  1. anaphase: (p. 150) a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate.
  2. asexual reproduction: (p. 156) the production of offspring that does not involve the union of gametes.
  3. cell plate: (p. 151) a membrane that divides newly forming plant cells following mitosis.
  4. centriole: (p. 150) a structure that appears during mitosis in animal cells.
  5. centromere: (p. 146) a region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together and which is the site of attachment of the chromosomes to the spindle fibers during mitosis.
  6. chromatid: (p. 146) one of two identical parts of a chromosome.
  7. crossing-over: (p. 153) the exchange of genes by reciprocal segments of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
  8. cytokinesis: (p. 149) the division of the cytoplasm of one cell into two new cells.
  9. diploid: (p. 147) a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair.
  10. haploid: (p. 147) having only one chromosome of each homologous pair.
  11. homologous chromosome: (p. 146) one of a pair of morphologically similar chromosomes.
  12. interphase: (p. 149) a period of cell growth and development that precedes eukayotic cell nuclear division.
  13. meiosis: (p. 148) the process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half.
  14. metaphase: (p. 150) the second phase of mitosis, during which all the chromosomes move to cell’s equator
  15. mitosis: (p. 148) eukaryotic nuclear division
  16. prophase: (p. 150) the first stage of mitosis and meiosis, characterized by condensation of chromosomes.
  17. synapsis: (p. 153) the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
  18. telophase: (p 151) the final stage of mitosis during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes.

 

A foreign protein that stimulate the production of antibodies: Antigen

A vaccine is given to an individual is permanent protection against infection

A serum given to an individual is a temporary protection against infection

Exotoxin- toxins that diffuse from the cells and are absorbed in body tissues

Endotoxins- remains in the cell and given off when the cell dies

Pus-debris consisting of blood, serum digested bacterium, and degenerated bacterial cells.

  • Discovered the vaccine against smallpox: Edward Jenner
  • Discovered the vaccine against Polio: Albert Sabin
  • Discovered the vaccine against Penicillin: Alexander Fleming
  • Discovered the vaccine against Diptheria: Emil Von Behring
  • Discovered the vaccine against Syphilis: Paul Ehrlich

 

Common diseases caused by viruses:

  • Common cold
  • Rabies
  • Aids
  • Warts
  • Polio
  • Ringworm
  • Chicken pox
  • Cold sores
  • Strep throat

Viruses that introduce viral genes into bacteria without causing the cells to reproduce: Temporate Phages

Viruses have various shapes, but all have a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein

Viruses can reproduce themselves: only inside of a living cell.

A person can become immune to a viral disease after being subjected to a weakened strain of the disease causing virus.

Antibiotics: are not effective against diseases

The ability of a virus to cause disease is called virulence.

When two bacteria unit or join together and DNA is transferred it is called conjugation.

When DNA from dead bacteria is taken in by live bacteria and the live bacteria express the traits of the dead bacteria, the process is called transformation.

Diseases that are passed from one organism from another are described as infectious.

The most deadly form of food poisoning is botulism.

Immunity is acquired when a person is subjected to vaccines.

The substance that is produced by molds and used to fight disease is antibiotics.

Phagocytic (white blood) cells of a man’s body engulf and destroy bacteria.

A virus infection generally results in the disrupting of the metabolic processes of cells, involved and damages or disrupts tissues.

Mycoplasmas are considered a link between viruses and cellular organisms.

A form of therapy in which specific chemical compounds destroy pathogenic organisms without harming the host is called chemotherapy.

Ricketts are the smallest viruses present.

Viruses are put into three classes

  • plant
  • animal
  • bacterial

Why do we believe viruses are alive? The can reproduce more of their own kind.

Why do we believe viruses are non-living? They do not carry on metabolic processes of cells.

Bacteria move with Brownian movement (they move in all directions)

Under ideal conditions growth conditions bacteria can reproduce by fission at a rapid rate.

 

1953 Three scientists that discovered the DNA molecule
James Watson
Francis Crick
Maurice Wilkens
DNA strand
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
2 Purines                  Adenine (pairs with Thymine)
Cytosine (pairs with guanine)

           2 Primidines              Thymine (pairs with Adenine)
Guanine (pairs with cytosine)

1 Purine pairs up with 1 primidine to from a strand of DNA *see sketch

The DNA contains strands of proteins
The ribosomes head off the codones across the space and proteins are made

RNA strand
 Nucleolus *see sketch
Spherical, single pore bear
Minute round body in the nucleus

It contains proteins and RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
The RNA is a copy of a segment from the DNA molecule
Function of the nucleolus: makes RNA
Strand of RNA *see sketch

Uracil replaces thymine in RNA
Uracil is the new primidine
2 Purines                  Adenine (pairs with Uracil)
Cytosine (pairs with guanine)

           2 Primidines              Uracil (pairs with Adenine)
Guanine (pairs with cytosine)

The nucleolus synthesizes (makes) and stores RNA until it moves out of the nucleolus and into the cytoplasm, and there some of it becomes part of the ribosomes.

Drugs: This can screw up the chromosome mapping and DNA and RNA mapping of new generations of humans being produced. So BE  AWARE!

  
10-17-07
One human cell contains 2-3 million genes. These genes are attached to the chromosomes. They are composed of protein units.

Genes make up our hereditary traits. (Our genetic make-up)

                      Chromosome Numbers
Pairs                         Total Number
Man                          23                                        46
Frog                          13                                        26
Cat                           19                                        38
Chicken                    39                                        78
Earthworm                18                                        36
House Fly                 6                                         12
Garden Pea               7                                         14
Onion                       8                                         16
Redwood Tree           11                                        22
Horse                        32                                        64
Carrots                                9                                         18
Oak Tree                   12                                        24
Rat                           21                                        42
Tomato                     12                                        24
Goldfish                    47                                        94
Shrimp                                127                                      254

Chromosomes consist of genes and genes determine all potentialities of a cell.

A gene is a segment of a gene molecule.

CELL MITOSIS

This is a process of cell division.
The Five stages of Mitosis: I Promised Mom A Tiger

  1. INTERPHASE- Growth phase, resting phase, duplicating phase, puffy and bloated.
  2. PROPHASE-chromosome material doubles and becomes threadlike; centrioles move apart from each other
  3. METAPHASE- separation of chromatids.
  4. ANAPHASE-chromatids move to opposite poles
  5. TELOPHASE- final stage of mitosis; two daughter cells are forming

 

After 20 successive cell divisions, a single cell will produce 1,048,576 cells.  

*See Cell Division Handout

Mitosis: how cells divide
Meiosis: how sex cells divide  
10-29-07
How the materials pass in and out of the cell is called the transportation process.
The two processes that carry on this transportation process is as follows:

  1. physical processes
    1. diffusion
    2. osmosis
    3. filtration
  2. physiological processes
    1. active transport
    2. phagocytosis
    3. pinocytosis

The energy that powers any physiological process comes from chemical reactions which take place in living cells. Therefore these 3 processes can only move substances through cell membranes as long as the cells are alive and functioning.

When cells die the physiological processes cease (stop).

In the physical processes of diffusion, osmosis, and filtration, they go on after cellular death occurs.

Diffusion: A process of even scattering or spreading of molecules and ions through matter.

In a liquid: diffusion occurs in an even scattering from the solvent to the solute.

Net Diffusion: of the solute in one direction and the solvent in the other direction will eventually result in equilibrium. *see sketch

Our lives depend on diffusion.
The oxygen that we breathe enters our cells by diffusion through their membrane walls.

Diffusion examples: Human gas, perfume, alcohol pads

Gases diffuse across membrane walls

Osmosis: It is the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

If the membrane is not full permeable to all the solute particles then equilibrium can not be reached. *see sketch

Water osmosifies across membranes
Gasses diffuse across membranes

Filtration: It is a physical process by which water and solutes pass through a membrane when the hydrostatic pressure is unequal on each side of the membrane.
Hydrostatic pressure means the force or weight of a liquid pushing against some surface.
Filtration will occur when the pressure is greater on one side of the membrane than the other.
Example: water, it will filter out of a solution which has high  pressure and into and area where there is low pressure.

Filtration occurs in only one direction from an area of greater pressure to an area of lower pressure.

Active Transport: A built in device that moves molecules or ions through cell membranes in an uphill direction or against their natural pressure gradients.

Active transport mechanisms pump various substances though cell membranes through cell membranes like sodium (Na) ions

Phagocytosis: a process by which a segment of cell membrane forms a pocket around a bit of solid outside the cell, and breaks it off from the rest of the membrane and moves it into the cell and ingest the particles of the cells.

Only occurs in one direction: Inward
Eating process

Pinocytosis: a process by which a segment of cell membrane forms a small pocket around a bit of fluid outside the cell, breaks it off from the rest of the membrane and dissolves it in the cell.

Drinking process

2 processes of cell metabolism
Catabolism: a breakdown of food compounds or of protoplasm into simpler substances.

Anabolism: synthesis by cells of complex compounds (hormones, vitamins) from simpler compounds like amino acids, simple sugars, fats and minerals.

 

Source :

http://kjpederson.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chapter+1+Terms.doc

http://kjpederson.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chapter+2+Terms.doc

http://kjpederson.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chapter+3+Terms.doc

http://kjpederson.wikispaces.com/file/view/Chapters+4-8+Terms.doc

http://kjpederson.wikispaces.com/file/view/notes+3-4-08.doc

http://kjpederson.wikispaces.com/file/view/Biology+notes+10-16-07.doc

 

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