Hernan Cortes
Hernan Cortes
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Hernan Cortes
Hernan Cortes (1484-1547) Initiated the discovery and colonization of Mexico after participating in the discovery and conquest of Cuba. Cortes sailed with a force of 600 men in 1519. He established a fort at Vera Cruz, where he garrisoned 200 men, and burned his ships. He took the remaining 400 men through 250 miles of dense jungle to an encounter with Montezuma II (1502-1520) and his capital at Tenochtitlan. The conquest of Mexico took a year. Cortes was aided by as many as 100,000 natives of groups the Aztecs had conquered. By 1522, Cortes controlled a region that was larger than Spain, along with all of the gold and silver he had seen on his first audience with Montezuma. He nevertheless visited a demographic disaster on the native populations. Within thirty years a population that had been as large as 25 million was reduced to fewer than 2 million. Most of the deaths were the result of native exposure to European diseases like smallpox, typhoid, and measles. During the sixteenth century, 200,000 Spaniards came to the Americas, settling the territories discovered and claimed by Cortes and his successors.
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