The World of Marketing

 

 

 

The World of Marketing

 

The following texts are the property of their respective authors and we thank them for giving us the opportunity to share for free to students, teachers and users of the Web their texts will used only for illustrative educational and scientific purposes only.

All the information in our site are given for nonprofit educational purposes

The information of medicine and health contained in the site are of a general nature and purpose which is purely informative and for this reason may not replace in any case, the council of a doctor or a qualified entity legally to the profession.

 

 

The World of Marketing

What Is Marketing? 
Marketing: is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.

• Marketing Satisfies Needs

1). Marketing more than any other business function deals with people. The consumer, the ultimate user of a good or service is the focus all marketing activities.
2). The consumer can be individuals or organizations, whether a company (Levi), government (federal, state, local), sorority, or a charity.
3). The Marketing Concept: A management orientation that focuses on identifying and satisfying consumer needs to ensure the organization’s long term profitability objectives.
a).       Need: Recognition of any difference between a consumer’s actual state and some ideal or desired state.
b).       Want: The desire to satisfy needs in specific ways that are culturally and socially influenced.
c).       Benefit: The outcome sought by a customer that motivates buying behavior.
d).       Demand: Customers’ desire for products coupled with the resources to obtain them.

          

Class Discussion Have students comment on the growth of the cosmetic surgery market.  Discuss how new procedures, like Botox injections and lazer peels can be done during lunch hour and the individual can return to work immediately after the procedure is performed.  Discuss the concepts of need, want, desire, and demand.

4).      The marketis composed of all customers and potential customers who share a common need that can be satisfied by a specific product, who have the resources to exchange for it and are willing to make the exchange, and who have exchange authority.
a).       Marketplace: is any location or medium used to conduct an exchange.
b).       Technology has greatly changed the meaning of “marketplace”. Today                     exchanges occur via telephone, fax, and the Internet. These new technologies, coupled with the increased use of credit and debit cards, have changed where and how exchanges occur.

 

5).      A recent movement in marketing is the societal marketing concept: an orientation that focuses on satisfying consumer needs while addressing the needs of a larger society.

Class Discussion In what ways might a firm practice the societal marketing concept?  How does the consumer, society, and the firm benefit from these actions?

b.        Marketing is an Exchange of Value.
1).       Exchange: The process by which some transfer of value occurs between a buyer and a seller.   There are two requirements which must be meet for an exchange to occur:
a).       Need two willing people or organizations.
b).      Each must possess something that the other wants.
2).       Electronic commerce systems are changing not only the place where the transaction occurs, but the role of money in the exchange process.

c.        (Almost) Anything Can Be Marketed
1).      Consumer Goods and Services
a).       Product: A tangible good, a service, an idea, or some combination of these that through the exchange process satisfies consumer or business customer needs, a bundle of attributes, features, functions, benefits, and uses.
b).       Consumer goods are purchased by individuals for personal or family consumption.
c).       Services:  Intangible products that are exchanged directly from the producer to the customer. Examples include a haircut or computer assistance.
2).       Business-to-Business Marketing
a).     Businesses and organizations are also consumers of goods and services.
b).     Industrial Goods: Goods bought by individuals or organizations for further processing or for use in doing business.

 

     3). Not-For-Profit Marketing
Marketing is not just for goods and services.  Local school districts, churches, and  the Red Cross are all examples of not-for-profit organizations which engage in marketing activities.
4).  Idea, People, and Place Marketing
Marketing activities can be used to convince consumers to change a behavior, change their attitude about a person, and to help consumers decide on a vacation location.

 

     d.   Marketing’s Tools: The Marketing Mix
** Refer to Objective 2
** Use the video on Terra Chips
** Use Instructor’s Manual Mini-Project 1-B
** Use Marketing in Action: Real Choices at Florida International Museum

** Use Figure 1.1

 

 

Marketing Mix: A combination of the product itself, the price of the product, the place where it is made available, and the activities that introduce it to consumers that creates a desired response among a set of pre – defined consumers.
1). Product: Good, service, idea offered for exchange.
2). Price:  The assignment of value to a product.

3). Place: The availability of the product to the customer at the desired time and location.

 
4). Promotion: The coordination of efforts by a marketer to inform or persuade  consumers or organizations about goods, services or ideas.

• How is Marketing Done?

** Refer to Objective 3

a.        Marketing Planning: The first phase of marketing planning is analyzing the organization’s current strengths and weaknesses.  This analysis also examines threats and opportunities the organization might face in the marketplace.

b.        Finding and Reaching a Target Market
Part of the marketing planning process is determining which customer groups should be reached and with which product.  There are several strategies which can be used to find and reach the desired target market.  Some products, like sugar, fresh fruit, and toilet paper have mass market appeal.

1). Mass Market: All possible customers in a market, regardless of the differences in their specific needs and wants.
The mass market approach does not work for all goods. Consider a one-size fits-all jacket. Does this jacket fit all or just “fit – most”?  The success of an organization’s marketing plan is its ability to find, reach, and satisfy a market.
2). The Market Segment is a distinct group of customers within a larger market who are similar to one another in some way and whose needs differ from other customers in the larger market.  For Levi, the market segment of interest is aging Baby Boomers.
3). The Target Market is the market segment(s) on which an organization focuses it’s marketing plan and toward which it directs its market efforts.
4). Target marketing involves 3 steps:

• Segmenting
• Targeting
• Positioning

Class Discussion Discuss the Marketing Real People, Real Choices section on Levi.  Use the questions about planning and developing marketing strategy listed on page 12 of the text for discussion.  Following are some possible answers to these questions. Suggested Answers to Discussion Questions on page 12 1.   What jeans styles will our core customers of young people be looking for in five        years?  It is difficult to predict trends, especially fashion trends.  The fashion industry uses a variety of predictors to help them forecast fashion trends.  Levi might watch what celebrities and what band members are wearing to help predict what their core customer will want in 3-5 years.  Levi might also watch trends in other areas and even examine historical fashion cycles.  For example, the wide leg jeans style was the result of several influences like, rap singers, skateboarders, and a revival of 70’s fashion. 2.   Which customer group that don’t currently buy a lot of blue jeans might we       target for Levi’s products? One of the largest growing students is adults over 45 years old.  This group represents a great opportunity for Levi due to the number of people in this group and their familiarity with brand Levi.  In targeting the over 45 group Levi would want to consider the specific style and fit needs to this segment. 3.  How will new developments in computerized production technologies affect the      denim manufacturing process? Some of the newest technologies in manufacturing apparel have occurred in the manufacturing of denim products.  Because denim fabric is stiffer than many types of products, it can be used in an automated manufacturing process; although lasers are often used to cut all types of fabrics, denim is the only fabric which can be sewn by a totally automated process. Customized fit is also a new technology that has been tested by Levi.  Customized fit involves the use of automated manufacturing, express delivery services, and kiosk which are located at select retailers.  Customers input their measurements and style preference at the kiosk.  The information is transferred to Levi, and in about two weeks, the customer has a perfect fitting pair of jeans at an average cost of $55.00. 4.  How will consumers growing awareness about the use of child labor in third     world countries affect their attitudes toward manufacturers that locate plants     overseas? This is an ethical issue which Levi and other manufacturers must consider.  Recently, brands like Nike and Liz Claiborne have received negative publicity and criticism because of the use of child labor and poor working conditions in the World Countries. Thus, it is important that Levi, and other firms closely monitor the manufacturing of their product in foreign countries. 5.  Will the current trend for many companies to institute “Casual Friday” where      employees can wear jeans to work, affect long – term demand for Levi’s      products? The “Casual Friday” trend is a blessing for Levi and other casual apparel manufacturers. This trend has enabled Levi to sell more denim and to develop other brands like Dockers.

When Did Marketing Begin? The Evolution of the Marketing Concept.
** Refer to Objective 4
** Use Q #3 Marketing Practice: Applying What You’ve Learned
** Refer to Table 1.1

The discipline of marketing as we know it today has evolved over a period of 100 plus years.  The evolution of marketing can be traced through four eras:

a.   Production Orientation: during this era the efficient production and distribution of products was emphasized.

• 1). Customers have to take whatever is available.

      2).            Marketing plays an insignificant role.          

b.       Selling Orientation: A managerial view of marketing as a sales function, or a way to move products of the warehouses to reduce inventory.
1). Management views marketing as a sales function.
2).  The selling orientation prevailed well into the 1950’s.
This emphasis on the “hard sell” gave marketing a bad image.
This focus is used today to sell unsought goods; products that people do not intend to buy. A good example would be cemetery plots, caskets, or even special features on a washing machine.

c.       Customer Orientation: A management philosophy that focuses on ways to satisfy customer’s needs and wants.
1).       Relationship marketing and social marketing are outgrowths of this new era.
2).       For example, fast food companies like McDonald’s reduced the use of styrophome containers in an effort to increase both economic and social profit.
d.        New Era Orientation: In this era marketing means a devotion to excellence in designing and producing products that benefit the customer, plus, the firms employees, shareholders, and communities.

** Use the Real People Real Surfers: Exploring the Web 

 

4.        Why is Marketing Important?
** Use Objective 5

 
a.        Marketing creates utility, the usefulness or benefit received by consumers from a product.  Marketing activities create four types of utility:
1).     Form Utility: The consumer benefit provided by organizations when they change raw materials into finished products desired by customers.

2).     Place Utility: The consumer benefit provided when organizations make products available to consumers.

3).     Time Utility: The consumer benefit provided by storing products until they are needed by buyers.

4).     Possession  Utility: The consumer benefits provided by an organization by allowing the consumer to own, use, and enjoy the product.

b.        Marketing’s Role In the Firm
** Use Marketing Mini- Project: Learning by Doing

Marketers work with financial and accounting officers to determine which products are financially profitable to produce, to set marketing budgets, and to determine prices.
Organizations function most efficiently when the marketing department interacts with the other functional areas of the organization. For example, marketing must work with R/D on the creation of new products and with manufacturing.

• Marketing’s Role In Our Daily Lives: Opera To Oprah

 

1).    Popular Culture: The music, movies, sports, books, celebrities, and other forms of entertainment consumed by the mass market.
2).    Myths: Stories containing symbolic elements that express the shared emotions and ideals of culture.

• Marketing’s Role In Society

In business, just as in everyday life, conflicts often arise concerning ethical and moral behavior.
1). Ethical behavior is good business

  2).     Social and Ethical Criticisms of Marketing
a).       Marketing creates artificial needs
b).       Marketing teaches us to value people for what they own rather than who they are.

 

 

 

Real People, Real Choices:

How it worked out at Levi – Strauss

              The “How it worked out” section provides a good summary for chapter one.  You may want to begin by reviewing with students the facts surrounding the situation at Levi.  Then review the three options developed by Steve Goldstein.  Ask students to comment on which option they would choose.  Are there any other options which should be considered?

Summary:  When Steve Goldstein saw sales figures decline, he realized that there was a problem.  The problem for Levi related to the issue of satisfying the needs of a changing consumer market. Customers had to be given a reason to buy yet another pair of Levi pants.
Which products to produce for which consumer groups was the issue which Levi had to address.  Listed below are the four issues which Levi had to consider.

• Aging Baby Boomers: This group grew up wearing Levi jeans.  For some members of this growth changes in body shape have made the traditional fit Levi’s less figure flattering.

 

• Growth of the Casual Apparel Market: The growth and popularity of casual dress in the workplace is an opportunity for Levi.  Levi specifically developed the Docker’s brand to meet the needs of this market.

 

• Closet full of Jeans: How do you convince a customer that she needs another pair of jeans?  One strategy used by Levi and others is to develop new style features, such as a stone washed or loose fit and new colors, like brown, black, and red.

• Growth of Fashion: Jeans had also seen a growth in popularity and acceptance.  Many restaurants and places of business consider “nice jeans” to be acceptable.  Changes in jean styles and consumer acceptance have lead to this change.

 

Three options were developed by Goldstein and his marketing team:

Option 1:Make looser fitting jeans under the Dockers label.
Option 2: Forget it.  – Do nothing
Option 3: Market a modified looser – fitting jean for the 18 – 34 year old.

Mr. Goldstein chose option 3. Levi’s introduced “Loose Fitting Jeans” and gave them the numbers 550 and 560.  This proved to be a successful strategy because it meet the needs and wants of a very loyal group of customers.  If Levi had not developed a pair of loose fitting jeans for this segment one of their competitors would.
students:

Potential Discussion Questions:
** You might also want to include a discussion of the questions found on page 21 in the book.  Answers to these questions were presented in section 2.
** Information from the Real People, Real Surfers: Exploring the Web exercise could also be used in a discussion of Levi jeans.  

• Why is option 3 the best choice? 

 

• Do you think Levi - Strauss is operating as a New Era firm? 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter Review

 

Marketing Concepts: Testing Your Knowledge

• Briefly explain what marketing is.

 

Though marketing can be described in many ways, the best definition is that marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.

 

• What is the marketing concept? How is it different from the social marketing concept?

The marketing concept is a management orientation that focuses on identifying and satisfying consumer needs to ensure the organization’s long-term profitability objectives.

The marketing concept differs from the societal marketing concept in that today many firms are moving toward a new interpretation of responsibility and orientation to the consumer that focuses on satisfying consumer needs while also addressing the needs of the larger society. The philosophy is an expansion of the marketing concept that focuses on making a profit but also on enhancing benefits to communities and society in general.

•  How does marketing facilitate exchange?

 

Marketers facilitate exchange by creating marketing, communication, and information system. Marketing systems make it easier for buyers and sellers to come together. Information systems are used to collect and analyze data that help the organization find, reach, and satisfy consumers. Communication systems provide the means for informing, persuading, and influencing consumers.

• Define the terms consumer goods, services, and industrial products.

 

Consumer goods are products which are purchased by individual consumers for personal or family use.  Some examples include food, health and beauty products, automobiles, and computers.
Services are tangible products that we pay for and use, but we never own. Consider a haircut.  When you go to the stylist you receive a service, a haircut; however, you cannot physically hold the service in your hand.  You can collect hair trimmings of course, but that is not the service which you received, rather it is a product which is produced as a result of the service.
Industrial goods are goods bought by individuals or organizations for further processing or for use in doing business.  For example, an office may purchase some of the same office supplies which you, an individual consumer, purchase at Office Depot.  The difference is that you are using these supplies for personal or family use and the organization is using the supplies in the operations of the firm.

• What are the elements of the marketing mix?

 

The marketing mix has been characterized as the marketers strategic tool box. Elements found in this tool box include product, price, place (or channel of distribution), and promotion.

• What are target markets? How do marketers select and reach target markets?

 

A target market is the market segment(s) on which an organization focuses its marketing plan and toward which it directs its marketing efforts. Marketers select and reach target markets by first slicing up the “marketing pie” (segmenting the market), targeting specific pieces of it (choosing a targeting strategy), and then developing specific products and design tactics which meet the segment’s specific needs (positioning the product).

• Trace the evolution of the marketing concept.

 

Early in this century, companies followed a production orientation in which they focused on the most efficient ways to produce and distribute products. Beginning in the 1930’s some firms adopted a sales orientation that encouraged sales people to push products aggressively on consumers. In 1950’s organizations began to adopt a consumer orientation that focused on customer satisfaction and that led to the widespread adoption of the marketing concept. The future of the concept’s application seems to be in the direction of quality improvement, concern for society’s welfare, appreciation of the environment through stewardship, and a commitment to a long – term relationship with the consumer. New Era marketing means a devotion to excellence in designing and producing products that benefit the customer, plus, the firms employees, shareholders, and communities.

• What is utility?  How does marketing create different forms of utility?

 

Utility is the usefulness or benefit received by consumers from a product. Marketing creates several forms of utility: form utility – raw materials are changed into finished products; place utility – the organization makes products available where consumers want them; time utility – products are stored until they are needed by the consumer; and, possession utility-the organization allows the consumer to own, use, and/or enjoy the product.

• How is marketing related to popular culture?

 

Marketing influences popular culture (such as movies, sports, music, etc.) by producing products that are an expression of the popular culture and people’s ideas.  Many popular cultural myths come from marketing organizations such as McDonald’s, Betty Crocker, and Ivory Snow.  Our nation’s culture and the products produced by that culture are very closely tied.

•  What are some of the criticisms of marketing?

 

Some of the criticisms of marketing include: 1) marketers create artificial needs; 2) marketing teaches us to value people for what they own rather than who they are; 3) marketers promise miracles.

Marketing Concepts: Discussing Choices and Issues

 

1.        The marketing concept focuses on the ability of marketing to satisfy customer needs. As a typical college student, how does marketing satisfy your needs? What areas of your life are affected by marketing? What areas of your life (if any) are not affected by marketing?

In answering this question the student should be encouraged to examine their life personally and relate marketing to their daily activities and events. Areas that should be mentioned in this discussion are consumer purchases (such as buying food, clothes, supplies at the bookstore, and major purchases such as computers or cars), advertising’s impact on their learning processes (such as learning about new products, how to do things, and contemporary trends), interactions with groups (such as learning about new products, how to do things, and contemporary trends), interactions with groups (such as the role that reference groups plays in their purchase processes and how others might be affected by marketing practice), and career plans and aspirations (since most of these students will be business student they should understand how to pursue job opportunities and market themselves). There are obviously other areas that the students might mention (such as the the international environment, the environment itself, and the legal environment). Each area mentioned should be examined and justified. Most students will find that there will be few (if any) activities that they pursue in their daily lives that are not touched by marketing. One way to stimulate discussion in this area is to relate your own (the instructor’s) personal daily experiences with marketing.

2.        Do you think students should study marketing even if they are not planning a career in marketing or business? Explain your reasoning.

This question is one of judgement and could be defended in either direction. Those students that have carefully read Chapter One will understand that knowledge of marketing (just like knowledge of consumer activities) will aid the individual in making decisions in their daily lives. From the standpoint of business, knowledge of marketing is essential if the business person is to fully appreciate the various functions (accounting, finance, computer science, manufacturing, information processing, economics, and management) and be able to integrate them into and overall business plan or strategy. It has often been said that “nothing happens until someone sells something.” This phrase might be used to stimulate the students thinking in the above area. The answer to this question is not as important as is the justification.

3.        In this chapter a number of criticisms of marketing were discussed.  Have you heard these criticisms?  What other criticisms of marketing have you heard?  Do you agree or disagree with these criticisms and why?

The criticisms cited in the text were: 1) Marketers create artificial needs; 2) Marketing teaches us to value people for what they own rather that who they are; and, 3) Marketers promise miracles.

Students will probably not have heard the above criticisms in those exact words but they will most certainly have heard criticisms of marketing and marketers.  This would be an interesting side discussion---are the primary criticisms by consumers with marketing (as a field, function, or practice) or are criticisms more likely associated with marketers themselves (individuals, retailers, wholesalers, or manufacturers)?  The answer to this question might indicate what the true consumer’s criticisms might be.  For instance, if a person feels that they have been cheated or deceived, what is the source of that fraud or deception?  Is it the field or marketing or the marketer?

Other criticisms that are commonly cited that might be discussed are that marketing is deceptive (promises are false), marketers really don’t care about your needs or solving your problems, marketers only care about money, marketers will say anything to make a sale, marketers don’t care about the environment, marketers show too much sex and sexual innuendo, and marketers don’t care about social reform or the welfare of society.

Be sure to ask students to generalize their specific complaints about marketing so they can be discussed in a broader context.  Once the students have voiced their complaints, press them for solutions.

4.   In this chapter we talked about how marketing communicates myths.  What exactly is a myth?  What are popular myths depicted in marketing?  Does marketing create some of these myths?

Myths are stories  containing symbolic elements that express the shared emotions and ideals of culture.  At McDonald’s the basic struggles of good versus evil are played out in the fantasy world of advertising when Ronald McDonald confounds the Hamburgler.  Jimmy Buffett created a fantasy tropical paradise in his hit song Margaritaville.  In the case of McDonald,s marketing has helped to create the myth.  However, fans of Jimmy Buffett helped to imortalized this fantasy place called Margaritaville.

 

Real People, Real Surfers: Exploring the Web

 

This exercise could be used when discussing New Era firms and/or market segmentation.  Students should enjoy searching the Web for information on jeans.  Encourage students to identify other jean manufacturers on the Web.  Responses to questions 3, 4 , and 5 might be very interesting to use for class discussion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marketing In Action: Real Choices at Florida International Museum

Summary: Florida International Museum had suffered several disastrous years which had resulted in a $10 million debt.  Management reorganization occurred and a new in-house marketing team led by Wayne Altherholt was established.  Atherholt knew that marketing was not just for laundry detergents and that marketing planning needed to take place in order for the museum to be financially successful.

Suggested Answers to Case Questions

1.        What is the problem facing Florida International Museum?

There are many problems which students might discuss, but the  primary problem is the need for a marketing plan.

2.        What factors are causing the problem?
          
The following factors are important to understanding the above problem.

a.        The museum is $10 million in debt and needs to make a profit.
b.        Putting on an exhibit, like Titanic would be very expensive.
c.        In the past local hotels and travel agents had been ignored.  These                                          organizations should have been used to help market the museum.
d.        The museum suffered from a lack of awareness in the community.
e.        The atmosphere of the museum was not comfortable or relaxed.
f.        The outside of the building looked liked a department store.
g.        Nothing was done to encourage repeat visits to the museum.

3.        What are the alternatives?

a.        The museum could decide to have the Titanic exhibit in hopes this exhibit would help to increase museum traffic.
b.        Attempt to develop relationships with local hotels and travel agencies.
c.        Give the interior and the exterior of the building a facelift.
d.        Develop a web site for the museum.

• Develop a season pass program for museum patrons. 
• Create new signage for the museum.

4.        What are your recommendations for solving the problem?

Students may have developed other alternatives and recommendations will be tied to those alternatives. Florida International Museum should consider all of the above alternatives in the development of a marketing plan.  Try to help student’s understand that implementing only one of the above alternatives would only represent a “short-term fix” and would not solve the big problem facing the museum.

5.        What are some ways to implement your recommendations?

Wayne Atherholt should begin by examining each element of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion).  Some amount of research may be necessary to determine what customers and potential customers actually desire.  After the marketing plan has been developed and approved, Wayne needs to prioritize the marketing tactics and decide which actions need to be taken first.

Yes.  New Era firms are devoted to excellence in designing and producing products that benefit the customer and society.  Not only did Levi design a new line of jeans for the 18-34 year old group, but they also practiced social marketing by using natural dyes which were less harmful to the environment.  Finally, by meeting the needs of an important group of consumers, Levi was practicing relationship marketing.  In other words, Levi did not abandon their loyal customers just because their waist lines began to expand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mini-Project 1-A
Examining a New Era Organization

Purpose: To learn about the ways in which New Era organizations seek and earn both economic and social profit.

1.        With two or three others in your class, first identify one or two firms which may be classified as having a New Era Orientation.  If possible, find firms which are located in your area.  You may find the following useful in identifying such firms:

• Newspaper articles on firms that have been recognized for their service to the community
• Recommendations from one or more of your instructors for firms which qualify as New Era organizations
• Firms which have been Baldridge Award winners 
• Library resources such as corporate annual reports
• Recommendations of business leaders in your community
• Information about businesses provided at internet sites

 

2.        Learn as much as you can about one particular firm.  If possible visit the firm and talk with the firm’s employees.  Interview other business people to find out what they think about the firm.

3.        Prepare a report which includes the following:
a.        Describe the firm’s business and its marketing management structure.f
b.        Tell about the firm’s commitment to quality.
c.        Describe the ways the firm practices environmental stewardship?
d.        Explain the ways the form works to earn social profit?
e.        Describe efforts the firm has made to promote consumers’ health, safety, and social well-being?
f.         How does the firm rate on its efforts to encourage cultural diversity and ethical business practices?
g.        Your recommendations for ways in which the firm could make improvements in its New Era focus.

4.        Present your findings to your class.

Mini-Project 1-B
The 4 Ps for Different Organizations

Purpose: To better understand how different types of organizations implement product, price, place, and promotion.

The American Marketing Association has formulated the following as its definition of marketing:    

“The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.”

For each of the organizations and other marketing opportunities listed,  identify the following:

 

a. The product which is marketed

b. Individual or organizational consumer of the product

c. The need satisfied by the product

d. The price or value exchanged in return for the product

e. The channels of distribution used to make the product available to the customer

f. The promotional activities used by the marketer to inform or persuade                     customers

 

Source : http://www.prenhall.com/marketing/solomon/Chapter01.doc

Web site link to visit: http://www.prenhall.com

Google key word : The World of Marketing file type : doc

Author : not indicated on the source document of the above text

If you are the author of the text above and you not agree to share your knowledge for teaching, research, scholarship (for fair use as indicated in the United States copyrigh low) please send us an e-mail and we will remove your text quickly.

 

The World of Marketing

 

If you want to quickly find the pages about a particular topic as The World of Marketing use the following search engine:

 

 

 

The World of Marketing

 

Please visit our home page

 

Larapedia.com Terms of service and privacy page