Economics and finance

 


 

Economics and finance

 

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Economics and finance

 

Index of topics :

 

Banking dictionary terms from A to F

CFR Cost and Freight

CIF Cost Insurance and Freight

CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To

CPT Carriage Paid To

DAF Delivered At Frontier

DES Delivered Ex Ship

Ex Works

Fas Free Alongside Ship

FOB Free On Board

Free Carrier

 

Finance terms meaning :

 

  • accounts
  • acid test ratio
  • assets
  • audit
  • bank loan
  • bankrupt
  • bookkeeping
  • break-even
  • budget
  • business plan
  • capital
  • cash
  • cash flow forecast
  • cost of goods sold
  • cost price
  • credit
  • current ratio
  • depreciation
  • direct costs
  • dividend
  • equity
  • fixed assets
  • fixed costs
  • gross profit
  • indirect costs
  • insurance
  • interest
  • interest rate
  • leasing
  • liabilities
  • liquid assets
  • net profit
  • overdraft
  • profit
  • rate of turnover
  • retained profit
  • return of capital employed (roce)
  • revenue
  • stock
  • swot analysis
  • turnover
  • unit cost
  • variable costs
  • working capital
  •  

    Economics term meaning and definition :

     

  • ability-to-pay principle
  • acreage allotment program
  • actual investment
  • actual reserves
  • adjustable pegs
  • adverse selection problem
  • advertising
  • affirmative action
  • AFL-CIO
  • agency shop
  • aggregate
  • aggregate demand
  • aggregate demand–aggregate supply (AD-AS) model
  • aggregate expenditures
  • aggregate expenditures–domestic output approach
  • aggregate expenditures schedule
  • aggregate supply
  • aggregate supply shocks
  • Alcoa case
  • allocative efficiency
  • anticipated inflation
  • antitrust laws
  • antitrust policy
  • appreciation (of the dollar)
  • asset
  • asset demand for money
  • asymmetric information
  • average fixed cost (AFC)
  • average product (AP)
  • average propensity to consume
  • average propensity to save (APS)
  • average revenue
  • average tax rate
  • average total cost (ATC)
  • average variable cost (AVC)
  • backflows
  • balance of payments
  • balance-of-payments deficit
  • balance-of-payments surplus
  • balance on current account
  • balance on goods and services
  • balance sheet
  • bank deposits
  • bankers' bank
  • bank reserves
  • barrier to entry
  • barter
  • base year
  • benefit-reduction rate
  • benefits-received principle
  • bilateral monopoly
  • Board of Governors
  • bond
  • break-even income
  • break-even output
  • break-even point
  • Bretton Woods system
  • budget constraint
  • budget deficit
  • budget line
  • budget surplus
  • built-in stabilizer
  • Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
  • business cycle
  • business firm
  • business unionism
  • capital
  • capital and financial account
  • capital and financial account deficit
  • capital and financial account surplus
  • capital gain
  • capital goods
  • capital-intensive commodity
  • capitalism
  • capital stock
  • cartel
  • causation
  • CEA
  • cease-and-desist order
  • ceiling price
  • Celler-Kefauver Act
  • central bank
  • central economic planning
  • ceteris paribus assumption
  • change in demand
  • change in quantity demanded
  • change in quantity supplied
  • change in supply
  • checkable deposit
  • checkable-deposit multiplier
  • check clearing
  • checking account
  • circular flow diagram
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964
  • classical economics
  • Clayton Act
  • closed economy
  • closed shop
  • Coase theorem
  • coincidence of wants
  • COLA
  • collective bargaining
  • collective voice
  • collusion
  • command system
  • commercial bank
  • commercial banking system
  • communism
  • comparative advantage
  • compensating differences
  • compensation to employees
  • competition
  • competitive industry's short-run supply curve
  • competitive labor market
  • complementary goods
  • concentration ratio
  • conglomerate merger
  • conglomerates
  • constant-cost industry
  • constant opportunity cost
  • constant returns to scale
  • consumer goods
  • Consumer Price Index (CPI)
  • consumer sovereignty
  • consumer surplus
  • consumption of fixed capital
  • consumption schedule
  • contractionary fiscal policy
  • coordination failure
  • copayment
  • copyright
  • corporate income tax
  • corporation
  • correlation
  • cost-benefit analysis
  • cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)
  • cost-push inflation
  • Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)
  • countercyclical payments (CCPs)
  • craft union
  • creative destruction
  • credit
  • credit union
  • cross elasticity of demand
  • crowding model of occupational discrimination
  • crowding-out effect
  • currency
  • currency appreciation
  • currency depreciation
  • currency intervention
  • current account
  • cyclical asymmetry
  • cyclical deficit
  • cyclical unemployment
  • deadweight loss
  • debit
  • declining industry
  • decreasing-cost industry
  • deductible
  • defensive medicine
  • deflating
  • deflation
  • demand
  • demand curve
  • demand factor (in growth)
  • demand management
  • demand-pull inflation
  • demand schedule
  • dependent variable
  • depository institutions
  • depreciation
  • depreciation (of the dollar)
  • derived demand
  • determinants of aggregate demand
  • determinants of aggregate supply
  • determinants of demand
  • determinants of supply
  • devaluation
  • developing countries
  • diagnosis-related group (DRG) system
  • differentiated oligopoly
  • differentiated product
  • diffusion
  • dilemma of regulation
  • diminishing marginal returns
  • direct foreign investment
  • direct payments
  • direct relationship
  • discount rate
  • discouraged workers
  • discretionary fiscal policy
  • discrimination
  • discrimination coefficient
  • diseconomies of scale
  • disinflation
  • disposable income (DI)
  • dissaving
  • dividends
  • division of labor
  • Doha Round
  • dollar votes
  • domestic capital formation
  • domestic output
  • domestic price
  • dumping
  • DuPont cellophane case
  • durable good
  • earned-income tax credit (EITC)
  • earnings
  • economic concentration
  • economic cost
  • economic efficiency
  • economic growth
  • economic law
  • economic model
  • economic perspective
  • economic policy
  • economic principle
  • economic profit
  • economic regulation
  • economic rent
  • economic resources
  • economics
  • economic system
  • economic theory
  • economies of scale
  • economizing problem
  • efficiency factors (in growth)
  • efficiency loss
  • efficiency loss of a tax
  • efficiency wage
  • efficient allocation of resources
  • elastic demand
  • elasticity coefficient
  • elasticity formula
  • elasticity of resource demand
  • elastic supply
  • electronic payments
  • employment discrimination
  • employment rate
  • entitlement programs
  • entrepreneurial ability
  • equality-efficiency tradeoff
  • Equal Pay Act of 1963
  • equation of exchange
  • equilibrium GDP
  • equilibrium position
  • equilibrium price
  • equilibrium price level
  • equilibrium quantity
  • equilibrium real domestic output
  • equilibrium real output
  • euro
  • European Union (EU)
  • excess capacity
  • excess reserves
  • exchange control
  • exchange rate
  • exchange-rate appreciation
  • exchange-rate depreciation
  • exchange-rate determinant
  • excise tax
  • exclusive unionism
  • exhaustive expenditure
  • exit mechanism
  • expanding industry
  • expansion
  • expansionary fiscal policy
  • expansionary monetary policy
  • expectations
  • expected rate of return
  • expected-rate-of return curve
  • expenditures approach
  • expenditures-output approach
  • explicit cost
  • exports
  • export subsidies
  • export supply curve
  • export transaction
  • external benefit
  • external cost
  • external debt
  • externality
  • external public debt
  • face value
  • factors of production
  • fair-return price
  • fallacy of composition
  • Farm Act of 2002
  • farm commodities
  • fast-second strategy
  • FDIC
  • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
  • Federal funds rate
  • Federal government
  • Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
  • Federal Reserve Banks
  • Federal Reserve Note
  • Federal Reserve System
  • Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
  • Federal Trade Commission Act
  • fee for service
  • fiat money
  • final goods and services
  • financial capital
  • financial services industry
  • firm
  • fiscal policy
  • fixed cost
  • fixed exchange rate
  • fixed resource
  • flexible exchange rate
  • floating exchange rate
  • food products
  • food-stamp program
  • foreign competition
  • foreign exchange control
  • foreign exchange market
  • foreign exchange rate
  • foreign purchase effect
  • 45° line
  • fractional reserve banking system
  • freedom of choice
  • freedom of enterprise
  • Freedom to Farm Act
  • free-rider problem
  • free trade
  • frictional unemployment
  • fringe benefits
  • full employment
  • full-employment unemployment rate
  • functional distribution of income
  • gains from trade
  • game theory
  • GDP
  • GDP gap
  • GDP price index
  • G8 nations
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
  • generalization
  • Gini ratio
  • gold standard
  • government failure
  • government purchases
  • government transfer payment
  • grievance procedure
  • gross domestic product (GDP)
  • gross private domestic investment
  • growth accounting
  • guiding function of prices
  • health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
  • health savings accounts (HSAs)
  • Herfindahl index
  • homogeneous oligopoly
  • horizontal axis
  • horizontal merger
  • household
  • human capital
  • human capital discrimination
  • human capital investment
  • hyperinflation
  • hypothesis
  • illegal immigrant
  • IMF
  • imitation problem
  • immobility
  • imperfect competition
  • implicit cost
  • import competition
  • import demand curve
  • import quota
  • imports
  • import transaction
  • incentive function of price
  • incentive pay plan
  • inclusive unionism
  • income
  • income approach
  • income effect
  • income elasticity of demand
  • income inequality
  • income-maintenance system
  • income mobility
  • increase in demand
  • increase in supply
  • increasing-cost industry
  • increasing marginal returns
  • increasing returns
  • independent goods
  • independent unions
  • independent variable
  • indifference curve
  • indifference map
  • individual demand
  • individual supply
  • industrially advanced countries
  • industrial regulation
  • industrial union
  • industry
  • inelastic demand
  • inelastic supply
  • inferior good
  • inflating
  • inflation
  • inflationary expectations
  • inflationary expenditure gap
  • inflation premium
  • inflation targeting
  • information technology
  • infrastructure
  • injection
  • injunction
  • in-kind transfer
  • innovation
  • inpayments
  • insider-outsider theory
  • insurable risk
  • interest
  • interest income
  • interest rate
  • interest-rate-cost-of-funds curve
  • interest-rate effect
  • interindustry competition
  • interlocking directorate
  • intermediate goods
  • internally held public debt
  • international balance of payments
  • international balance-of-payments deficit
  • international balance-of-payments surplus
  • international gold standard
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  • international monetary reserves
  • international value of the dollar
  • intrinsic value
  • invention
  • inventories
  • inverse relationship
  • inverted-U theory
  • investment
  • investment demand curve
  • investment goods
  • investment in human capital
  • investment schedule
  • "invisible hand"
  • Joint Economic Committee (JEC)
  • Keynesian economics
  • Keynesianism
  • kinked-demand curve
  • labor
  • labor force
  • labor-force participation rate
  • labor-intensive commodity
  • labor market discrimination
  • labor productivity
  • labor union
  • Laffer Curve
  • laissez-faire capitalism
  • land
  • land-intensive commodity
  • law of demand
  • law of diminishing marginal utility
  • law of diminishing returns
  • law of increasing opportunity costs
  • law of supply
  • leakage
  • learning by doing
  • least-cost combination of resources
  • legal cartel theory of regulation
  • legal immigrant
  • legal tender
  • lending potential of an individual commercial bank
  • lending potential of the banking system
  • liability
  • limited liability
  • liquidity
  • loanable funds
  • loanable funds theory of interest
  • lockout
  • logrolling
  • long run
  • long-run aggregate supply curve
  • long-run competitive equilibrium
  • long-run supply
  • long-run vertical Phillips Curve
  • Lorenz curve
  • lump-sum tax
  • M1
  • M2
  • macroeconomics
  • managed floating exchange rate
  • managerial-opposition hypothesis
  • managerial prerogatives
  • marginal analysis
  • marginal benefit
  • marginal cost (MC)
  • marginal cost-marginal benefit rule
  • marginal product
  • marginal productivity theory of income distribution
  • marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
  • marginal propensity to save (MPS)
  • marginal rate of substitution (MRS)
  • marginal resource cost (MRC)
  • marginal revenue
  • marginal-revenue–marginal-cost approach
  • marginal revenue product (MRP)
  • marginal tax rate
  • marginal utility
  • market
  • market demand
  • market economy
  • market failure
  • market for externality rights
  • market period
  • market system
  • marketing loan program
  • median-voter model
  • Medicaid
  • Medicare
  • Medicare Part D
  • medium of exchange
  • menu costs
  • merger
  • microeconomics
  • Microsoft case
  • midpoint formula
  • minimum efficient scale (MES)
  • minimum wage
  • monetarism
  • monetary multiplier
  • monetary policy
  • monetary rule
  • money
  • money capital
  • money income
  • money market
  • money market deposit accounts (MMDAs)
  • money market deposit accounts (MMDAs)
  • money supply
  • monopolistic competition
  • monopoly
  • monopsony
  • moral hazard problem
  • most-favored-nation (MFN) status
  • MR= MC rule
  • MRP= MRC rule
  • multinational corporations
  • multiple counting
  • multiplier
  • multiplier effect
  • mutual interdependence
  • MZM
  • national bank
  • National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)
  • national health insurance (NHI)
  • national income
  • national income accounting
  • National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act of 1935)
  • National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
  • natural monopoly
  • natural rate of unemployment (NRU)
  • near-money
  • negative externality
  • negative GDP gap
  • negative relationship
  • net domestic product
  • net exports
  • net foreign factor income
  • net investment income
  • net private domestic investment
  • net taxes
  • net transfers
  • network effects
  • net worth
  • new classical economics
  • New Economy
  • NLRB
  • nominal gross domestic product (GDP)
  • nominal income
  • nominal interest rate
  • nominal wage
  • noncash transfer
  • noncollusive oligopoly
  • noncompeting groups
  • nondiscretionary fiscal policy
  • nondurable good
  • nonexcludability
  • nonexhaustive expenditure
  • nonincome determinants of consumption and saving
  • noninterest determinants of investment
  • noninvestment transaction
  • nonmarket transactions
  • nonprice competition
  • nonproduction transaction
  • nonrivalry
  • nontariff barriers (NTBs)
  • normal good
  • normal profit
  • normative economics
  • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  • occupation
  • occupational discrimination
  • occupational licensure
  • occupational segregation
  • official reserves
  • offshoring
  • Okun's law
  • oligopoly
  • OPEC
  • open economy
  • open-market operations
  • open shop
  • opportunity cost
  • opportunity-cost ratio
  • optimal amount of R&D
  • optimal reduction of an externality
  • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
  • other-things-equal assumption
  • outpayments
  • output effect
  • paper money
  • paradox of voting
  • parity concept
  • parity ratio
  • partnership
  • patent
  • payments deficit
  • payments surplus
  • payroll tax
  • P= MC rule
  • peak
  • per capita GDP
  • per capita income
  • perfectly elastic demand
  • perfectly elastic supply
  • perfectly inelastic demand
  • perfectly inelastic supply
  • per se violations
  • personal consumption expenditures
  • personal distribution of income
  • personal income (PI)
  • personal income tax
  • Personal Responsibility Act
  • personal saving
  • per-unit production cost
  • Phillips Curve
  • planned investment
  • plant
  • "play or pay"
  • policy economics
  • political business cycle
  • positive economics
  • positive externality
  • positive GDP gap
  • positive relationship
  • post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy
  • potential competition
  • potential output
  • poverty
  • poverty rate
  • preferred provider organization (PPO)
  • price
  • price ceiling
  • price discrimination
  • price elasticity of demand
  • price elasticity of supply
  • price fixing
  • price floor
  • price index
  • price leadership
  • price level
  • price-level stability
  • price-level surprises
  • price maker
  • price support
  • price taker
  • price war
  • prime interest rate
  • principal-agent problem
  • private good
  • private property
  • private sector
  • process innovation
  • producer surplus
  • product differentiation
  • product innovation
  • production possibilities curve
  • productive efficiency
  • productivity
  • productivity growth
  • product market
  • profit
  • profit-maximizing combination of resources
  • profit-sharing plan
  • progressive tax
  • property tax
  • proportional tax
  • proprietor's income
  • protective tariff
  • public assistance programs
  • public choice theory
  • public debt
  • public good
  • public interest theory of regulation
  • public investments
  • public sector
  • public utility
  • purchasing power
  • purchasing power parity
  • pure competition
  • purely competitive labor market
  • pure monopoly
  • pure profit
  • pure rate of interest
  • quantity demanded
  • quantity supplied
  • quasi-public bank
  • quasi-public good
  • R&D
  • rate of exchange
  • rate of return
  • rational behavior
  • rational expectations theory
  • rationing function of prices
  • real-balances effect
  • real-business-cycle theory
  • real capital
  • real GDP
  • real GDP per capita
  • real gross domestic product (GDP)
  • real income
  • real interest rate
  • real wage
  • recession
  • recessionary expenditure gap
  • Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
  • refinancing the public debt
  • regressive tax
  • regulatory agency
  • rental income
  • rent-seeking behavior
  • required reserves
  • reserve requirement
  • resource
  • resource market
  • restrictive monetary policy
  • revenue tariff
  • reverse discrimination
  • right-to-work law
  • rule of reason
  • rule of 70
  • sales tax
  • saving
  • savings account
  • savings and loan association (S&L)
  • saving schedule
  • savings deposit
  • savings institution
  • Say's law
  • scarce resources
  • scientific method
  • seasonal variations
  • secular trend
  • self-interest
  • seniority
  • separation of ownership and control
  • service
  • Sherman Act
  • shirking
  • shortage
  • short run
  • short-run aggregate supply curve
  • short-run competitive equilibrium
  • short-run supply curve
  • shutdown case
  • simple multiplier
  • simultaneous consumption
  • slope of a line
  • Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
  • social insurance programs
  • socially optimal price
  • social regulation
  • Social Security
  • Social Security trust fund
  • sole proprietorship
  • special-interest effect
  • specialization
  • speculation
  • SSI
  • stagflation
  • standardized budget
  • standardized product
  • Standard Oil case
  • start-up (firm)
  • state bank
  • static economy
  • statistical discrimination
  • stock (corporate)
  • stock options
  • store of value
  • strategic behavior
  • strategic trade policy
  • strike
  • structural-change hypothesis
  • structural unemployment
  • subsidy
  • substitute goods
  • substitution effect
  • sunk cost
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
  • supply
  • supply curve
  • supply factor (in growth)
  • supply schedule
  • supply-side economics
  • surplus
  • surplus payment
  • tacit understanding
  • TANF
  • tariff
  • taste-for-discrimination model
  • tax
  • taxes on production and imports
  • tax incidence
  • tax subsidy
  • tax-transfer disincentives
  • Taylor rule
  • technological advance
  • technology
  • Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
  • terms of trade
  • theoretical economics
  • theory of human capital
  • thrift institution
  • till money
  • time deposit
  • total cost
  • total demand
  • total demand for money
  • total product (TP)
  • total revenue (TR)
  • total-revenue test
  • total spending
  • total supply
  • total utility
  • Trade Adjustment Assistance Act
  • trade balance
  • trade bloc
  • trade controls
  • trade deficit
  • trademark
  • tradeoff
  • trade surplus
  • trading possibilities line
  • tragedy of the commons
  • transactions demand for money
  • transfer payment
  • tying contract
  • unanticipated inflation
  • unauthorized immigrant
  • underemployment
  • undistributed corporate profits
  • unemployment
  • unemployment compensation
  • unemployment insurance
  • unemployment rate
  • uninsurable risk
  • union shop
  • unit elasticity
  • unit labor cost
  • unit of account
  • unlimited liability
  • unlimited wants
  • unplanned changes in inventories
  • unplanned investment
  • Uruguay Round
  • U.S. securities
  • U.S. Steel case
  • usury laws
  • utility
  • utility-maximizing rule
  • value added
  • value-added tax
  • value judgment
  • value of money
  • variable cost
  • VAT
  • vault cash
  • velocity
  • venture capital
  • vertical axis
  • vertical integration
  • vertical intercept
  • vertical merger
  • very long run
  • voice mechanism
  • voluntary export restrictions
  • wage
  • wage differential
  • wage discrimination
  • wage rate
  • wages
  • wealth
  • wealth effect
  • welfare programs
  • Wheeler-Lea Act
  • World Bank
  • world price
  • World Trade Organization (WTO)
  • WTO
  • X-inefficiency
  •  

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