Principles of adherence and motivation quiz answers

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Principles of adherence and motivation quiz answers

Quiz #7: Chapter 2 – Principles of Adherence and Motivation

ACE’s Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th Edition

1) Adherence is defined as the psychological drive that gives behavior direction and purpose.

True
False

Explanation

b. False

For the purposes of a fitness professional, exercise adherence refers to voluntary and active involvement in an exercise program. Motivation is defined as the psychological drive that gives behavior direction and purpose.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 26

2) More than ____% of people who start a new program will drop out within the first six months.

Explanation

b. 50

More than 50% of people who start a new program will drop out within the first six months.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 26–27

3) Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary categories of potential determinants for physical activity?

Personal attributes
Physical attributes
Environmental factors
Physical-activity factors

Explanation

b. Physical attributes

The potential determinants for physical activity can be broken down into three categories:

Personal attributes
Environmental factors
Physical-activity factors

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 27

4) General trends reveal that members of which of the following populations are MOST LIKELY to be performing higher levels of physical activity in unsupervised settings?

Older adults
Men
Those with fewer years of education
Those in a lower socioeconomic bracket

Explanation

b. Men

Men demonstrate higher and more consistent activity adherence than women. Lower levels of physical activity participation are seen with increasing age, fewer years of education, and low income.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 27

5) What is arguably the most important and influential personal attribute variable when predicting adherence to physical activity?

Activity history
Obesity level
Cardiovascular disease status
Social support network

Explanation

a. Activity history

Activity history is arguably the most important and influential personal attribute variable. In supervised exercise programs, past program participation is the most reliable predictor of current participation. This relationship between past participation and current participation is consistent across gender, obesity, and coronary heart disease status.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 27–28

6) ________________ is the most common excuse for not exercising and for dropping out of an exercise program.

Perceived lack of time
Lack of access to facilities
Lack of social support
Lack of improvement

Explanation

a. Perceived lack of time

Perceived lack of time is the most common excuse for not exercising and for dropping out of an exercise program. The perception of not having enough time to exercise is likely a reflection of not being interested in or enjoying the activity, or not being committed to the activity program.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 28

7) Which of the following individuals is MOST LIKELY to adhere to a supervised physical-activity program?

A highly motivator beginner who elects to begin a vigorous-intensity exercise program
An individual who perceives his health to be poor and had been encouraged by his doctor to exercise
An obese man who is motivated by a fear of adverse health conditions that are common in his family
A middle-aged man who has prehypertension but believes he has personal control over his health

Explanation

d. A middle-aged man who has prehypertension but believes he has personal control over his health

A belief in personal control over health outcomes is a consistent predictor of unsupervised exercise activity participation among healthy adults. Regarding the other options, the drop-out rate in vigorous-intensity exercise programs is almost twice as high as in moderate-intensity activity programs; those who perceive their health to be poor are unlikely to start or adhere to an activity program; and obese individuals are typically less active than normal-weight individuals, and are less likely to adhere to supervised exercise programs.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 27–29

8) Which of the following terms is defined as the belief in one’s own capabilities to successfully engage in a behavior?

Intrinsic motivation
Self-efficacy
Extrinsic motivation
Locus of control

Explanation

b. Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy is defined as the belief in one’s own capabilities to successfully engage in a behavior.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 30

9) When developing SMART goals, which of the following types of goals should be AVOIDED?

Long-term goals
Outcome goals
Negative goals
Performance goals

Explanation

c. Negative goals

Setting negative goals puts the focus on the behavior that should be avoided, not the behavior to be achieved. It is important that the client is thinking about achievement, not avoidance.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 33

10) What is the most important tool when dealing with a client who is at risk for relapse?

Enhancing the client’s assertiveness
Developing a system of social support
Planning ahead and being prepared
Signing behavioral contracts

Explanation

c. Planning ahead and being prepared

The most important tool in dealing with a relapse is planning ahead and being prepared. Personal trainers should educate their clients about the potential occurrence of a relapse and prepare them in advance, so that they are able to get back on track with their activity programs soon after experiencing a relapse.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 4^th edition, p. 34

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