Classification of Matter Mixtures study guide

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Classification of Matter Mixtures study guide

Classification of Matter
Matter exists as either a mixture, solution, element or compound

Mixtures: Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together that are not chemically combined

Keep their separate identities and most of their chemical properties
May change physical properties
The substance in the mixture can be any amount
They can be separated by physical means

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Does not contain the same proportions of the same substances that make them up, it is the “least mixed”
Different materials can be easily identified, Examples: Pizza, Rocky Road ice cream, Chex mix, concrete, salad dressing

Homogenous Mixture

Contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout, does not settle, it is “well mixed”. Examples: Soda, Vinegar, stainless steel, suntan lotion

Colloids

Type of mixture that contains substances in varying proportions, but will not settle out, often appears cloudy. Examples: Milk, Gelatin, Fog, whipped cream, Paint, Smoke, Gels (Shampoo)
Tyndall Effect: Passing a beam of light through a clear mixture to see if it scatters light, if you can see the light beam it is a colloid

Solutions

Type of Homogenous Mixture
Particles are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope, remain constantly and uniformly mixed, “best mixed”
Formed when one substance is dissolved into another
Examples are soda water, humid air, ocean water
In a solution one material (called the solute*) dissolves in another material (called the solvent*).
Water is the universal solvent

Solubility

Soluble: Substance that dissolves in another substance
Insoluble: Does not dissolve
Solubility: amount of solute that can be dissolved completely in a given amount of solvent
Temperature: the higher the temp. of the solvent, the more solute will be dissolved

Alloys

Solution made of metals
Solids that are dissolved in other solids
Examples: Gold Jewelry, Brass, Sterling Silver, Stainless Steel

Suspensions

Mixtures that are neither solutions or colloids
Heterogeneous mixture that contains a liquid in which the particles settle out
Examples: Pond Water, Delta’s

Elements and Compounds

Substances are either pure or a mixture
All elements in the substance are the same, oxygen O2, nitrogen N2, hydrogen H2, and He.
One or more elements combine to form compounds, NaCl salt, HCl hydrochloric acid, CO2 carbon dioxide.

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