What are the three states of matter Science study guide

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What are the three states of matter Science study guide

Science Study Guide

Matter

Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).
Matter is made up of tiny particles.
The way the particles are arranged and move determine the state (solid liquid or gas).

What are the three states of matter?

Solids, Liquids and Gas

Solids

Matter that has a definite shape and usually takes up a definite amount of space.

Particles are packed close together, they move back and forth, but do not change places with each other.

Liquids

Liquid takes the shape of its container

The amount of liquid stays the same, but the shape changes

Particles are not held together as tightly as in a solid

Particles of a liquid are able to slide past one another

Gas

Gas takes the shape of its container and expands to fill the available space
Particles in a gas are very far apart from one another and move in all directions
Particles in a gas move around more easily and quickly than those in a solid

Measuring Mass

Use a balance to measure and compare the mass of two objects.

The mass of an object does not change unless matter is added to or removed from it

Measuring Volume

Measure with a metric ruler length X width X height (answer will be in cubic units)

If measuring a box, the box can be filled with cubes to find volume.

Use a graduated cylinder with water, measure the water before you drop the items in, drop the items in and the volume is the difference between the level of water with the items in and the level at the start. Will be measured in cubic centimeters (cm3) even though it is mL on the cylinder.

Density

The property of matter that compares the mass of an object to its volume.

An object’s density determines if is will float or sink in water.

Substances with a higher density will stay at the bottom and ones with less density will rise to the top.

Example – water will float on top of corn syrup because it is less dense.

Mixtures

A combination of two or more substances that can be easily separated.

*Remember when we mixed all those items, combs, batteries, paperclips and other objects.*

Solutions

When one or more substances are dissolved in another substance.

Most common is a solid dissolved in a liquid (salt water)

Solution is a mixture, they both have two or more substances that can be combined, the main difference is that in a solution, one substance is dissolved in another and in a mixture it is not.

Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve in another.

Example – Solubility is a measure of the amount of a substance that will dissolve in another substance. Since sand does not dissolve in water, the solubility of sand in water is zero.

Solubility is a property of matter.

Solute

In a solution it is the substance that is dissolved.

Example – salt

Solvent

The substance that dissolves the other substance.

Example - water

How does matter change?

Physical change, Phase Change or Chemical Change

Physical Change

Change in size, shape or state of matter.

Does not change the particles, but may change the arrangement of particles.

Examples, breaking a pencil, making a mixture, and then separating it, tearing a piece of paper.

Phase Change

The same substance in a different state.

Examples, water into ice, melting ice cream.

Chemical Change

Change that result in a new substance.

Examples, rusted nail, it is still a nail, but its properties are different. Silver tarnishing, wood burning that forms ash.

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