Meaning of timurids (1370 – 1507 a.d.)
Timurids (1370 – 1507 A.D.)
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Art and architecture
Glossary of terms history of Islamic art and architecture
Meaning and definition of timurids (1370 – 1507 a.d.) :
This great Turkic dynasty founded by Timur Lang who claimed descent from Jingis Khan, was the last greatest Muslim dynasty of Steppe origin. Timur’s father ruled Kish in Transoxiana, which allowed Timur to create a base in Samarqand. From there he conquered areas to the west, thus gaining power over Iran. His first campaigns were in Khawarizm and Khurasan., after which he went into Iran and conquered Muzaffarid and Jalayrid lands. Further west he defeated the invincible Bayazid I in Ankara in the year 1402 A.D., three years before his death when he had set out to conquer China. To the north he penetrated Moscow. Timur's descendents continued to control the Timurid empire, but by the mid-fifteenth century A.D. western provinces were lost, and their rule ended in 1507 A.D. when Heart was overtaken by the Turkmans. Cultural patronage was an important aspect of Timurid court life, where the remains of Timur's palace Aq Saray, in Shahr-i Sabz, show the grandeur of this chieftain. He attested that the measure of the genius of an empire is its buildings, and would thus send all the craftsmen from conquered territories to Samarqand. After his campaign in India, Timur built one of the biggest mosques in the Muslim world in Samarqand, the Mosque of Bibi Khanum. The shrine complex of Khuja Ahmad Yasavi in Jassy and Timur’s Mausoleum, Gur-i Mir in Samarqand are yet other examples of the Timur's grandeur. His descendants were also great patrons of both architecture and the arts of the book. His son Shah Rukh moved the capital to Heart, transforming it into one of the most important cities in the history of Islamic culture. Gawhar Shad, Shah Rukh’s wife, commissioned several buildings throughout Timurid territories, the most important of which is her Friday Mosque in Mashhad. Ulug Beg, Shah Rukh’s son, also commissioned several observatories and refurbished the Registan Square in Samarqand by building his madrasa. The Shahname of Firdawsi, the Khamsa of Nizami, to name a couple, were commissioned by most of Timur’s descendants. Historians, like Hafiz-i Abru, great mystics, like Abd al-Rahman Jami and painters like Bihzad were appreciated and sponsored by the Timurids.
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Glossary of terms history of Islamic art and architecture
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